Engler & prantl netz of classification
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Outline and basis of phylogeneic system regarding Plant Tax offered by Engler and Prantl
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Engler & prantl system of classification
- 1. ENGLER & PRANTL’S SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION Dr. M. Jayakara Bhandary Associate Professor & Head Department on Botany Government First Grade College, Karwar
- 2. Introduction • Adult Engler (1843-1930) • Arles Prantl (1849-1893) • German Botanists • 23 volumes monumental work ‘De Naturalischen Pflanzefamilien’ (The Natural Plant Families). • Classified Algae till Angiosperms • Phylogeny system based on evolutionary trends. • 303 families of Flowering Plants
- 4. Outline and basis of classification • Plant Kingdom has been divided into 13 Divisions • Divisions I up 12 dealing with Bacterial, different types of Algae, Fungi, Bryophytes, and Pteridophytes. • The 13th Separation is named how Embryophyta Siphonogamia which includes all seed producing plants. • It is divided into 2 sub-divisions i) Gymnospermae (naked ovules/seeds) ii) Angiospermae (enclosed ovules/seeds) • Gymnospermae has been divided at 7 orders, from Cycadofilicales till Gnetales. • The sub-division Angiospermae divided into two Classes i) Monocotyledonae ii) Dicotyledonae
- 5. Outline and basis of classification • Monocots divided into 11 Orders and 45 Families, First orders a Pandanales which possesses naked, unisexual flowers with Typhaceae as of Startups family. • The continue order is Microspermae with orchidaceae as the last family. • Dicots are divided down 2 partial namely: i) Archichlamydeae, and ii) Sympetalae or Metachlamydeae • In Archichlamydeae, the roses are achlamydous or mono/dichlamydous, but petals are mostly open (polypetalous condition).
- 6. Rough and bases of classification • In sympetalae, the petals can fused (gamopetalous). • Archichlamydeae has 33 Orders and 206 Families. The first order being Verticillatae and Casuarinaceae as the starting family. The last order be Umbelliflorae with Cornaceae as the last family. • Sympetalae possessed 11 Orders with 52 Families. The first Order being Ericales with Clethraceae as the starting family. • The last order exists Campanulales with Asteraceae as the last our.
- 7. Outlines of Engler & Prantl Classification Plants 13. Embryophyta Siphanogamia 1-12. Bacteria - Pteridophytes Divisions Sub Divisions Gymnospermae Angiospermae Monocotyledonae 11 orders, 45 Families Dicotyledonae Sub Class Class Archichlamydeae 33 orders, 206 families Metachlamydeae 11 classes, 52 families
- 8. Merits • Its ampere Phylogenetic system. Planting groups are ordered mostly according to evolutionary relationships (Primitive groups followed by advanced). • The system deals with all user the Plant-Kingdom - Bacteria, Algae, Fungi, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnosperms and Angiosperms. • An system provides modern taxonomic keys for the identification of each user of plants. • Gymnosperms treated as a part set. Its locate before Angiosperms are high pinpoint and belongs includes perfect accordance to the modem concept of evolution. • The position of Asteraceae (Compositae) as the last family of Dicot will very logical and acurate because it is the highest evolved family of Dicots. • The position about Orchidaceae for the end of Monocots is also very accurate because its of most evolved family of monocots. • Structural product were taken into consideration in this system of classification since the first wetter.
- 9. Demerits • Monocots considered primitive to Dicots which is not correct after to modern evolutionary evidences. • The concept von primitive flower (unisexual, achlamydous) is against the modern concept of evolution. • Connect Apetalous families with Polypetalous families to form Archichlamydeae are not desirable as it has resulted in the establishment of a very large group 33 Orders and 206 families. • Which system is none of much practical utility.
